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ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT - A framework commonly used for resource planning and management, which follows the process of: What do we have, What do we want, How do we get there, and How are we doing.

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI) - A Federation of United States industry sectors (e.g., businesses, professional societies and trade associations, standards developers, government agencies, institutes, and consumer / labor interest groups) that coordinates the development of the voluntary consensus standards system.

AMERICAN PUBLIC WORKS ASSOCIATION (APWA) - An organization that supports professionals who operate, improve, or maintain public works infrastructure by advocating to increase awareness, and providing education, credentialing, as well as other professional development opportunities.

ARBORICULTURE - The science, art, technology, and business of tree care.

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMP) - Management practices and processes used when conducting forestry operations, implemented to promote environmental integrity.

BIOCHAR - A charcoal-like substance that is made by burning organic material from agricultural and forestry wastes in a controlled process called pyrolysis.

CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS (CIP) - Infrastructure projects and equipment purchases identified by a government in order to maintain or improve public resources. Projects such as (1) constructing a facility, (2) expanding, renovating, replacing, or rehabilitating an existing facility, or (3) purchasing major equipment are identified, and then purchasing plans and development schedules are developed.

CITY TREE - Trees within the 10 foot easement on private property or along the City's public right-of-way, parks, and greenbelts that are maintained by the City.

CLIMATE ACTION AND ADAPTATION PLAN (CAAP) - City of Davis lead initiatives to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and prepare for the impacts of climate change. 

COLLABORATORS - individuals or groups that were engaged during the plan development process because of their involvement in initiatives that impact planning, caring for, or affecting policy for Davis’ urban forest.

COMMUNITY FOREST - The collection of privately owned and city owned trees and woody shrubs that grow within Davis, including in open space. 

DRIP LINE AREA - The area measured from the trunk of the tree outward to a point at the perimeter of the outermost branch structure of the tree. 

DUTCH ELM DISEASE (DED) - A wilt disease of elm trees caused by plant pathogenic fungi. The disease is either spread by bark beetles or tree root grafts. 

EMERALD ASH BORER (EAB) - The common name for Agrilus planipennis, an emerald green wood boring beetle native to northeastern Asia and invasive to North America. It feeds on all species of ash. 

FIELD CAPACITY - The point after an irrigation or rain event at which a grow medium can no longer hold any more water.

GREEN BELT TREE - A subset of city owned trees planted along the green belt

GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) - A gas that traps heat in Earth’s atmosphere. 

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) - Computer-based tools designed to increase the organization and understanding of spatial or geographic data. Many different kinds of data can be displayed on one map for visualization and interpretation. 

HEAT ISLAND EFFECT - A phenomenon where temperatures in urbanized areas are higher than that of their surrounding rural areas or green space due to human activities. 

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) - Using pest and environmental information to determine if pest control actions are warranted. Pest control methods (e.g., biological control, habitat manipulation, cultural control, plant resistance, and chemical control) are chosen based on economic and safety considerations.

i-TREE - A computer program with tools used to determine the costs and benefits of urban trees based on inventory data, operations costs, and other factors.

IMPERVIOUS SURFACE - A surface made of material that does not allow water to penetrate.

INTERCEPTION - Refers to the precipitation that does not reach the soil, but instead is intercepted or stopped by the leaves, branches, and bark of trees.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ARBORICULTURE (ISA) - An international non-profit organization that supports professionals in the field of arboriculture by providing professional development opportunities, disseminating applicable research findings, and promoting the profession.

LANDMARK TREE - Public or private trees designated because the tree is an outstanding specimen of a desirable species, is one of the largest or oldest trees in Davis, is of historical interest, has distinctive form or is an unusual species.

MAJOR MAINTENANCE - Includes major trimming or pruning or cabling, and any other similar act, which promotes the life, growth, health, or beauty of trees, excepting watering and minor pruning.

MAJOR TRIMMING AND PRUNING - The removal of branches of three inches in diameter or greater.

MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT (MBTA) - A United States federal law adopted to protect migratory birds. 

NATURAL AREA - A defined area where native trees and vegetation are allowed to grow and reproduce naturally with little or no management except for control of undesirable and invasive species.

OPEN SPACE - A defined area of undeveloped land that is open to the public. The land can include native or naturalized trees and vegetation.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) - Equipment worn to enhance workplace safety and minimize the risk to physical hazards (e.g., gloves, hard hats, bodysuits, and foot, eye, or ear protection).

PERVIOUS SURFACE - A surface made of porous material that allows water through (e.g., bare soils, low-lying vegetation, and water).

PLANT HEALTH CARE (PHC) - A program that consists of (1) routinely monitoring landscape plant health and (2) individualized plant management recommendations in order to maintain or improve the vitality, appearance, and safety of trees and other plants.

PRIVATE TREE - Trees planted on private property, including residential and commercial parcels, or by other (non-City of Davis) governmental and public entities. 

PRIVATE EASEMENT TREE - Private trees planted within the 10 foot easement on private property.

RIGHT TREE RIGHT PLACE - The practice of installing the optimal species for a particular planting site. Considerations include existing and planned utilities and other infrastructure, planter size, soil characteristics, water needs as well as the intended role and characteristics of the species.

RIGHTS-OF-WAY TREE - A subset of city trees located within the City’s public right-of-way.

SHADOW PLANTING - The practice of planting shade loving species underneath larger species that will provide that shade.

STOCKING LEVEL - Stocking level is the measure of the number of planting sites occupied by trees, relative to the total number of potential planting sites.

STREET TREE - A subset of city owned trees planted within the 10 foot easement on private property.

STRUCTURAL AND TRAINING PRUNING - Pruning to develop a sound and desirable scaffold branch structure in a tree and to reduce the likelihood of branch failure.

TRANSPIRATION - The process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation through its leaves.

TREE - Any live woody plant having one or more well-defined perennial stems with a diameter at maturity of six inches or more measured at fifty-four inches above ground level (breast height).

TREE CANOPY - The layer of leaves, branches, and stems of trees that cover the ground when viewed from above.

TREE CITY USA - A program through the Arbor Day Foundation that advocates for green urban areas through enhanced tree planting and care

TREE IN PROXIMITY TO TRAILS/FACILITIES - A tree that, as a result of size and location, has the potential to impact or interfere with the use, safety, and/or condition of a defined trail, structure, or facility (e.g., picnic table, bench, parking area, etc.) 

TREE RISK ASSESSMENT QUALIFIED (TRAQ) - An International Society of Arboriculture qualification. Upon completion of this training, tree care professionals demonstrate proficiency in assessing tree risk.

URBAN FOREST - The collection of privately owned and city owned trees and woody shrubs that grow within Davis (excluding open space). 

URBAN FOREST MANAGEMENT PLAN (UFMP) - A document that provides comprehensive information, recommendations, and timelines to guide for the efficient and safe management of a city’s tree canopy. The plan uses adaptive management model to provide reasoned and transparent calls to action from an inventory of existing resources.

URBAN FORESTRY - The cultivation and management of native or introduced trees and related vegetation in urban areas for their present and potential contribution to the economic, physiological, sociological, and ecological well-being of urban society.

URBAN TREE CANOPY ASSESSMENT (UTC) - A document based on GIS mapping data that provides a birds-eye view of the entire urban forest and establishes a tree canopy baseline of known accuracy. The UTC helps managers understand the quantity and distribution of existing tree canopy, potential impacts of tree planting and removal, quantified annual benefits trees provide to the community, and benchmark canopy percent values.

WILDFIRE URBAN INTERFACE (WUI) - A transition zone where homes are located on the edge of fire prone areas and are at an increased risk of personal injury or property damage resulting from a wildfire. 

10-20-30 RULE - A well accepted rule that states that no species should represent more than 10%, no genus represent more than 20%, and no family should represent more than 30% of a tree population.